Logic of the Sea Essay Example for Free

Logic of the Sea Essay The article The Duty of Inquiry comes from the book The Ethics of Belief by William Kingdon Clifford. The author, William Clifford is a notable English philosopher and mathematician of the 19th century. This article talks about belief and how it necessitates responsible inquiry. It asserts that belief should be accompanied by reasonable investigation rather than baseless assertions. Also, we are the ones responsible for our belief regardless of the consequences (Clifford). These arguments were delivered using hypothetical situations pertaining to belief and the importance of inquiry. The author’s main argument is that our beliefs precede our actions and even the result of these actions, which is why we have to take full responsibility of these beliefs through appropriate means of inquiry. The author starts by presenting a hypothetical situation of a ship owner and his vessel. The ship owner’s vessel is about to set sail across the ocean with a lot of emigrants aboard. However, the owner thinks that the ship may have some problems, and perhaps it is not fit to set sail at all, however, he thinks that it is all too expensive to repair. He gives it some more thought, clearing his mind of the doubts, establishing a firm idea that his ship is still capable of sailing. He has convinced himself and he clearly disregarded his prior suspicions, and he finally permits he ship to set sail. The inevitable happens, the ship sank, and all those aboard died or were lost at sea. The ship owner collects the insurance, but deep inside him he is guilty of what happened to the passengers. The ship owner may be sincere with his admission of guilt; however, this is already irrelevant in this situation. It’s because the belief that he conjured were not made from careful investigation, rather it was from stifling his doubts, from disproving by himself whatever thought of uncertainty he had in the first place. In this situation, the ship owner’s guilt is from the fact that he was the one who knowingly and willingly created the frame of mind that made him to believe that his ship can still sail. He had doubts in the beginning but he was able to convince himself, though his decision is made out of preference rather than what is real. He didn’t do anything to check up on the ship, to see whether his doubts may hold true or not, instead he just thought about it, thought that it was alright, and made up his mind that it was indeed all right. He is guilty because he didn’t do the appropriate inquiry to verify or disprove his thoughts. Rather than acting upon it, he just thought about it, which if we look at it carefully, it’s a bit careless since a lot of lives are at stake. The author then asserts that the ship owner’s guild is actually determined regardless of its effects, so whatever the consequences of his beliefs, he is still responsible for it. After giving it some thought, even though the ship may have successfully sailed at that time or even for many more times, the mere fact that he has somehow believed that the ship was unworthy of sailing, he is still responsible for it. His guilt is already determined whether or not the ship survives. It is not about the consequences of the action, but about the belief he had already conjured. From the moment he thought about it, he is already responsible for his belief, so it is his task that to know about his thoughts, to take appropriate means of inquiry in order verify or confirm it. The author then presents another hypothetical situation, this time regarding religious teaching. It is about a prominent personality who is constantly attacked in an organized way, only to find out after further investigations that the accusations made about him were all false. Because of this, the accusations were immediately discredited. This situation is important because it proves that any reasonable effort to know the truth or reality of situation given could indeed disconfirm or disprove any of the accusations initially made. This means that because of the effort exerted to know what’s real, the accusations made in the first place are already disconfirmed. Even though the charges directed towards the person were sincere, they are still irrelevant to this situation. The basis of this is that the beliefs presented initially were just based on preference; the accusations made towards that person were the result of their prejudice or perhaps their passion without really giving any attention to factual evidence. So based on this, they really had no right to believe on whatever is presented before them. So when effort is made to verify any of this, it could be regarded as an act to disprove the accusations, and supports the author’s argument that the morality of the question is already settled even though the consequences are known. The author employed the steps in this order so that the reader could build up on the assumption that indeed beliefs should correspond to the appropriate inquiry. Without inquiry, these beliefs were just worthless, and it wouldn’t be justified by whatever consequences. By carefully analyzing the hypothetical situations posed by William Clifford, we can see that indeed, belief should be accompanied by reasonable investigation rather than baseless assertions, and that we re responsible for these beliefs. We can achieve this by through appropriate means of inquiry. Work Cited: Clifford, William Kingdon. The Ethics of Belief. 1877. December 12 2009. http://ajburger. homestead. com/files/book. htm#ethics.

New Women R K Narayans The Guide English Literature Essay

New Women R K Narayans The Guide English Literature Essay The perspective of Indian English novelists represents the different levels of the Indian consciousness which is shaped by the tradition of Indian humanism.'(George Lucas, 1) The theme of the emancipation of a new woman for the first time became a wide spread and genuine concern and improvement for womens pathetic image became a social issue in the early twentieth century. It became the creative consciousness for all the Indian English writers including R.K Narayan. Narayan through the character, Rosie, in The Guide depicts the emergence of a new woman. In Rosie, Narayan has shown a woman experiencing a conflict between a strong yearning for individual fulfillment and traditional norms. Narayan illustrates the Indian society which is deeply rooted in traditionalism, where women have been the major relentless victims of circumstances and conventions. Rosie also becomes a victim of circumstances and conventions but through her rebellious attitude, she makes her own way with a sense of pride and dignity, which shows a newly liberated woman in the post independence Indian society. This term paper shows how a woman asserts herself by breaking the old shackles of tradition and convention and finally brings an era of a new woman. The novel The Guide portrays two Indias; the traditional India, and the modern sophisticated India. In the traditional India, women have no opportunity for asserting or expressing their talent and personality. Our traditional society is rigid one in which there is no respect for freedom or expression of ones potential. Women are extremely suppressed by the males. Men are seen as superior to women and hold good position while women realize this painful reality only when they dare to express themselves and try to secure their fulfillments. Consequently, this whole scenario suppresses ones self either consciously or unconsciously. R.K Narayan says in My Days: A Memoirs: From times immemorial, man assigned her a secondary place and kept her there with such subtlety and cunning that she herself began to loose all notions of her independence, her individuality, her status and strength. A wife in an orthodox milieu of Indian society was an ideal victim of such circumstances Whereas if we look at the modern India, Jennet P. Gemmill says, it is: a broad based an dynamic concept involving an awareness of time, the will to revitalize traditions, a craving for novelty and variety, exploitation of the social conditions for the fulfillment of human personality and a struggle for progress In such a society the woman is more enlightened about herself and the milieu in which she has to fulfill the purpose of her living. Rosie, in The Guide, is a character, who is deeply rooted in tradition, occupies the most unique position among the Narayans women. She comes from a family traditionally dedicated to the temples as dancers (The Guide, 75). She belongs to the Devdasiclan in which women were dedicated to deity and not permitted to perform mundane domestic chores for the men. They did not have any right to choose their rightful husband. Through her name, Rosie, Narayans ironic intention becomes clear in which her name like a rose shows that her life remains surrounded by the thorns. She shows her first assertiveness by breaking the fetters of darkness of the Devdasi clan and leaps towards the light of learning by obtaining Masters in Economics, which respond a matrimonial advertisement in the newspaper; An educated, good looking girl to marry a rich bachelor of academic interests. No caste restrictions good looks and university degree essential (Bhatnagar, 75). Her degree shows a window of the world of glitter and glamour and by using it she takes one more offbeat step in her ascent. She marries Marco, a rich bachelor of academic interests. The marriage shows how she has scored over her Devdasi sisters. Shalini Gupta says in her essay (page 200); The caged bird shakes her wings, breaks the bars with jubilant hopes and flies in one sweep to Marcos Nest (page 4). So, the marriage symbolizes Rosies adventurous spirit and her aspirations for the freedom of the outer world appear to assume the fulfillment of her artistic learning and yearning. After her marriage, the most defiant act comes when she commits adultery, which constitutes a crucial stage in her life. It is very necessary to understand the nature of her marital relationship with Marco which enforces her to make extra marital relationship with Raju, their guide. Rosie chose to marry Marco to get status and respect of wife whereas Marco being a typical Indian male wanted a subservient faithful wife like his servant Joseph who, in his opinion was a wonderful man; I dont see him, I dont hear him but he does everything for me at the right time. Thats how I want things to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ thats what I thought when I saw Rosie demonstrates to me in her hotel room (The Guide, 127). Marco marries Rosie with the hope that she would go well with his practical life but his choice becomes wrong, for the girl he chooses in marriage comes out to be a dreamer who wants to be Benefited by a husband who could care for her career (Shalini Gupta,page 200). Narayan gives us the instances of their clash of expectation, hopes, interests and desire which lead to the eventual collapse of the marriage between Rosie and Marco they have nothing in common between them like love and warmth they may share together. Narayan shows their opposite appearances noted by Balrama Gupta; Rosie with her bright hued and gold laced sari, diamond earrings and gold necklace and with her curly hair braided and deflowered is a contrast to Marco with his colored glasses, thick jacket and a thick helmet. Further, there is no similarity between their natures, attitudes and interests. So, if Rosie is vivacious, spiritly and passionate than Marco is cold grim and unemotional. ` Raju describes them as against the beautifully natural surroundings of the Peak House. He says: The girl was in ecstasyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦she ran like a child from Plant to Plant with cries of joys, while the man looked on with no emotions. . . (Ramesh Dnyates essay, p-93) Rosie is a social girl. She loves the company of people and is destined to play a role in the open world whereas Marco seems to have forgotten the human world and fated to flourish his solitude. Significantly, their lifelong interests are different in nature. Rosies art involves the pulsating human body whereas Marcos research is confined to stone walls and stone figure. He is a die-hard archeologist, who lives and breaths lifeless ancient sculptures while neglecting the living embodiment of the art of dance, his wife Rosie. This is what Raju says about him: All that he could do was to copy ancient things and write about them. His mind was completely in it. All practical affairs of life seemed impossible to himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (C.P.Sharmas essay, p-109) He is an infertile man who lacks human qualities like love, warmth and compassion which is expected by his wife. His excessive indulgence in the mute things of the past kills Rosies interest in life and love of art. As the novelist puts it: dead and decaying things seemed to unloosen his tongue and fire his imagination, rather than things that lived and moved and swung their limbsanything that interested her seemed to irritate him (Shalini Guptas essay, p-201) Rosie too has intellectual pursuit like Marco. She tells him that she has many ideas like him. Her interests are no less serious than him. She starts her dancing practice at five in the morning and continues for full three hours. In the afternoon, she spends her one or two hours by studying Natya Shastra of Bharat Muni in order to keep the purity of classical forms. She looks for the ideas in Ramayana and The Mahabharata. But Marco finds nothing intellectual in her, which shows Marcos approach to Rosies aspiration is unimaginative and deliberately callous. He believes only in marital satisfaction and cannot give spiritual fulfillment. This approach of Marco is incompatible with Rosie. Rosie says to Rajus mother in The Guide: I would have preferred any kind of mother-in-law, if it had meant one real, live husband (Shalini Guptas essay, page 201). Then she goes to Raju for fulfilling her desires. The meeting with Raju marks turning point in her life. Raju brings with a promise of fragrant musical breezes and a shower of colors of spring for Rosie. He becomes greatly possessive about Rosie and never thinks that she is married to a person whom he has now grown to hate for being associated with her. For the sake of Rosie, he separates himself from his mother and discards the whole set of peoples or the whole society. By sacrificing all the things, Raju gives himself up for Rosie to fill the loveless and cheerless void in her life. Overwhelmed with love and gratefulness, she has confessed: Even if I have seen rebirth, I wont be able to repay my debt to you (Satyanarayans essay, page 68). Raju becomes her friend, philosopher and her guide. She realizes that he is inviting her to go to the land of her dreams, her spirit begins to soar, and her individuality begins to bosom for a delightful expression. She also realizes that he is capable of fulfilling her creative and physical cravings, and she starts revolting herself by dance. Her passion for dance was upbringing by birth. But in devdasi clan she was like a caged bird and her instinct for freedom, spontaneity and self expression was suppressed. It is her plight in which Raju beckoned her light released her from her dark tunnel and her heart joy and fulfillment cultivated through this art form. He symbolizes in that context a warm flow of life and certain recklessness that minister to vital human needs. Rosie is defined by dancing and her talent as an accomplished dancer achieved wide recognition through Rajus managerial skill. Rosie becomes a star attraction and Raju is known as the master of this establishment. She secures her rising fame through her dance. Dance may seem to be a secondary concern in the novel but it functions mainly as a medium for developing Rosies character. Thus, through the Bharat Natyam, she becomes famous as a world class dancer. But Raju uses her obsession for dance, for personal gain. As a manager, he takes too many appointments without caring Rosies physical health, in order to gain more money and self esteem. He begins to squander his new found fortune in drinking parties and gambling sessions but making a continuous pace in fixing Rosies dance performances at various places and accepting advances for earning too much money. Rosies delight in the company of fellow-artists is resented by Raju, who cannot understand the freedom, mobility and exposure that a devdasi woman pursues. He is not an ideal mate for Rosie and cannot comprehend the unease within her. So, the relationship becomes doomed because it is not based on true love and understanding. When Rosies jewelry box is to be returned to her by Marco, Raju denies the importance of the event and attempt to forge Rosies signature and keeps the jewelry box away from her which shows Raju condemns their relationship to failure. Eventually when Raju is jailed, she becomes stunned and expresses her reactions to Rajus forgery as an atypical karma conscious woman, she says: If I have to pawn my last possession Ill do it to save You from jail. But once it is over, leave me once for all (Ramesh Dnyates essay, p-94) In the final analysis, after abandon by Marco and betrayed by Raju, Rosie stands steadfast and dignified and does her dharma as a Hindu Wife. As the man who gave her the new lease for life, Rosie tried to save Raju by paying to a costly lawyer. She shows a sense of great fullness to Marco who takes her out of darkness by taking his book with her when she leaves Malgudi.Curiously, she too like Savitri (The Dark Room) who is taken from The Hindu Mythology, is regarded as a victim of mans world. In the male dominated world, Marco and Raju both played the game of betrayal to her but with her aspiring spirit; she has managed to find her own way with a sense of pride and dignity. Her personality leaves a sense of stronger imprint on Raju. Her vision of happy living has within it not only her passion for creativity in the dance but also a loving husband and a small home as its essential component. She says to raju: Im tired of all this circus existence. It was your own choice. (S.Satyanarains essay, p-71) She leaves the Malgudi for settling her life and no more plays any role: She had settled down at Madras and was looking after herself quite well. (S.Satyanarains essay, p-70) Thus, Rosie wins our admiration and respect by making her own way of living.Rosie, as a rebel, reflects the complex blending of tradition and modernity. To conclude, it can be said that, through the character Rosie, narayans humanistic concern is revealed which deals with the overgrowing awareness of the need to expand the area of womans freedom. His fictional world is circumscribed by a traditional Hindu society in which men rather women hold a superior place. Women are generally confined to the daily drudgery and all sorts of prohibitions are imposed on them but the milieu has changed from a strictly orthodox to the progressive and liberated value systems in modern civilization and women too have gradually begun to assert themselves in the society. The woman characters that move in quest of some relief from the suffocation and suppression of their established routine face a clash with the society and in the end they achieve much for themselves. Rosie is a typical example of this type of a situation of a woman in Indian society. Work Cited 1. Bhatnagar,The Gendered Construction of Rosie as the Other in the Guide: A Comparison of the Textual and Cinematic Tradition, Readings in Indian English Literature: Notion, Culture and Identity. 2. Chandrasekharan, Nair Anup,R.K.Narayans The Guide from the verbal to the visual: An Analysis in comparison, Perspective on Indian English Fiction, Editor, Jaydip Singh K.Dodiya. 3. Dnyate, Ramesh,The Concept and Nature of Rebellion, Rosies Rebellion, The Novels of R.K.Narayan, A Typological Study of Characters. 4. Gupta, Salini,Assertion and After: A Study of the Woman Protagonist in R.K.Narayans The Guide, Humanism in Indian English Fiction edited by T.S Anand. 5. Jannet P.Gemmill,Modernity Contemporary Indian Literature, in Literature East and West, 14 No. 2 (1970), 287. 6. Narayan, R.K, The Guide (1958, rpt Mysore: Indian Thought publication, 1978), 127. 7. Narayan, R.K, My Days: A Memoir (1974; rpt Mysore: Indian thought Publication, 1975), 119. 8. Singh, S.Satyanarain,The Guide: Crisis and Resolution, Indian Fiction in English edited by P.Mallikarjuna Rao, M.Rajeshwar. 9. Sharma, C.P,The masterpieces of Maturity (p, 104-110), The Novels of R.K.Narayan: A Perspective. 10. Thieme, John,Middle-period novels: The Guide to The Painters of Signs, R.K.Narayan, Contemporary World Writers. 11. Lucas, George,Empowerment of Women through the Character of Rosie in R.K. Narayans The Guide'

Gender Politics in the US Criminal Justice System Essay -- Political P

Gender Politics in the US Criminal Justice System The state of women in the United States criminal justice system, an apparently fair organization of integrity and justice, is a perfect example of a seemingly equal situation, which turns out to be anything but. While the policies imposed in the criminal justice system have an effect on all Americans, they affect men and women in extremely dissimilar manners. By looking at the United States' history of females in the criminal justice system, the social manipulation of these females and the everlasting affects that incarceration have on all women, both in and out of prison, this essay will explore the use of the criminal justice system as simply another form of control from which there is no hope of escape. This system of control then leads to the examination of the everlasting, yet never successful, female struggle to balance the private sphere of domesticity with the public sphere of society and the criminal justice system's attempt to keep women within the boundaries of the private . For centuries women who have entered the justice system have been oppressed, because the system was and still is a system designed by a patriarchal society and implemented primarily to control wayward males. The witch hunts in 17th century New England, is the first of many examples in which society exerted control over women by labeling them 'witches,' yet leaving the men alone. The primary determinant of who was designated a witch was gender, in fact eighty percent of all those killed were women. Of those women, females who were spinsters or widows, rather than wives or mothers "were represented disproportionately among the witches." In the 1800's, imprisoned women suffered the same terrible... ...ource Availability for Women at Risk," unpublished paper presented at the American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, Chicago, November 1987. 9 Nancy Rubin, "Women Behind Bars," McCall's, August 1987 10 Estelle B. Freedman, Their Sisters' Keepers: Women's Prison Reform in America, 1830-1930 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1981) 11 Estelle B. Freedman, Their Sisters' Keepers: Women's Prison Reform in America, 1830-1930 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1981) 12 Shelly Bannister, op. cit., argues that women who respond to male violence with physical resistance, and are incarcerated as a result, should be viewed as political prisoners. 13 Sandy Rovner, "Abused Women Who Kill," Judgment, vol. 10, no. 2, June 1987 14 Nicole Hahn Rafter, Partial Justice: Women in State Prisons 1800-1935 (Boston: New England University Press, 1985)

An Analysis of Boots Essay -- Health Beauty Products Retail Essays

An Analysis of Boots Introduction The business I have chosen is Boots due to my interest in health and beauty products. Boots is a multi-national company. It has branches all over the world including Thailand and Japan. Boots was established by John and Mary Boots. The first ever Boots store opened in 1849 in Nottingham selling herbal remedies for poor city people. One hundred and fifty four years later Boots now owns 700 retail units which have a value of  £740 million and a gross income of about  £900 million. The Boots organisation is a public limited company (PLC); Boots is a company run by a set of directors and a chairman for investing shareholders. Boots has its shares bought and sold at the Stock Exchange. By this it is open to anyone who trades in this market. When dealing with shares the organisation can issue different types of shares called preference and debenture shares. These shares have a higher status than ordinary shares. Advantages of being a PLC The organisation can become multinational or conglomerates. A good example of this is Boots as they have been bought by BASF a German owned company and due to this they have opened Boots stores in many other countries. Also the organisation can expand to third world countries which Boots has also done. By doing this Boots can use raw materials and nationalise even further. Public limited companies have advantages that they can expand their organisations into different businesses and conglomerates. This protects the firm from dealing in one market. Ø The organisation can be on the stock exchange and this enables them to offer shares for sale publicly. Due to this PLC's can acquire ready capital for further development if they ar... ...communication will be better because it is multidirectional unlike M.I.R stationers. The benefits of a flat structure are that the employees feel valued and are treated quite fairly, their ideas and opinions are also took in consideration. The hierarchical structure is quite complex and different to a flat structure; there are levels of importance and authority from the very beginning. This makes it difficult for staff to communicate to each other. And when communication is poor in any organisation, this has bad effects on the businesses aims and objectives. P6 list appropriately the sources of evidence you used in your research The sources of information I used for my research are: - Boots annual report Hodder GNVQ Business Intermediate GNVQ business Heinmann intermediate Business www.boots-plc.co.uk A leaflet called All about Boots An Analysis of Boots Essay -- Health Beauty Products Retail Essays An Analysis of Boots Introduction The business I have chosen is Boots due to my interest in health and beauty products. Boots is a multi-national company. It has branches all over the world including Thailand and Japan. Boots was established by John and Mary Boots. The first ever Boots store opened in 1849 in Nottingham selling herbal remedies for poor city people. One hundred and fifty four years later Boots now owns 700 retail units which have a value of  £740 million and a gross income of about  £900 million. The Boots organisation is a public limited company (PLC); Boots is a company run by a set of directors and a chairman for investing shareholders. Boots has its shares bought and sold at the Stock Exchange. By this it is open to anyone who trades in this market. When dealing with shares the organisation can issue different types of shares called preference and debenture shares. These shares have a higher status than ordinary shares. Advantages of being a PLC The organisation can become multinational or conglomerates. A good example of this is Boots as they have been bought by BASF a German owned company and due to this they have opened Boots stores in many other countries. Also the organisation can expand to third world countries which Boots has also done. By doing this Boots can use raw materials and nationalise even further. Public limited companies have advantages that they can expand their organisations into different businesses and conglomerates. This protects the firm from dealing in one market. Ø The organisation can be on the stock exchange and this enables them to offer shares for sale publicly. Due to this PLC's can acquire ready capital for further development if they ar... ...communication will be better because it is multidirectional unlike M.I.R stationers. The benefits of a flat structure are that the employees feel valued and are treated quite fairly, their ideas and opinions are also took in consideration. The hierarchical structure is quite complex and different to a flat structure; there are levels of importance and authority from the very beginning. This makes it difficult for staff to communicate to each other. And when communication is poor in any organisation, this has bad effects on the businesses aims and objectives. P6 list appropriately the sources of evidence you used in your research The sources of information I used for my research are: - Boots annual report Hodder GNVQ Business Intermediate GNVQ business Heinmann intermediate Business www.boots-plc.co.uk A leaflet called All about Boots

Disguises in Homers Odyssey Essays -- Homer Odyssey disgody

Disguises in Homer's Odyssey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Homer's Odyssey, disguises help convey a false identity that assist the characters in accomplishing their plans.   Each disguise has its own purpose, such as Athene's image as Mentor to advise Telemachos.   Her purpose was to assist and encourage Telemachos into searching news of his long lost father without revealing her true identity of divinity.   Being old and wise, and especially male, helps put more power behind the words spoken by Mentor because men were received with greater influence than women were.   Similar, Odysseus, through his clever use of false storytelling and disguises as "nobody" and a vagabond, is able to safely return to Ithaka and slaughter the reckless suitors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Fame and fortune is the ultimate goal of any man†(Van der Valk 61).   One lives to strive for the best and conquer the world, metaphorically speaking for reaching his highest potential.   â€Å"Although not everyone can achieve such high status, if a man can conquer a feat thus similar, his name can be passed on and he will be immortal† (Van der Valk 63).   In Homer's Odysse... ...s you as his bride/ home" (Homer 106, L. 153-160).   He has just ensured Nausikaa's approval and will receive aid from her, just by telling her what she wants to hear.    Works Cited and Consulted Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Murnaghan, Sheila, Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1987 Van der Valk, Marchinus. Textual Criticism of the Odyssey. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1949.

Compare and Contrast of “From a Secret Sorrow” and “A Sorrowful Woman” Essay

In the short story â€Å"From a Secret Sorrow† by Karen Van Der Zee a woman who struggles to tell her fiancà © a truth that is killing her inside. The story focuses on two main characters, Faye and Kai. Faye is a woman who thought that the world was over for her after finding out she was infertile. Faye had no idea on how to communicate such horrendous news to Kai, her fiancà ©. She was afraid that her Kai was going to leave her and find someone else. She then started acting weird, nervous, and distanced herself from him. Her fiancà © questioned her about a note he found, Faye immediately recognized that it was the note the doctor gave her and with a terrified voice asked â€Å"How did you get that?† (31). Finding out that she was infertile made her felt sorrow and like she was the only one who had the right to be upset. She thought that Kai was not going to love her anymore but it was the other way around. Kai seemed like he was really in love with her and cared abo ut her. He wanted to let her know that whatever the problem was she was not alone, that it was not only her problem and that they will work together, then eventually get married. But Faye would not listen, she also loved him so much that she would have rather let him go instead of ruining his life with her knowing she is infertile. She knew he would be extremely disappointed and she told Kai that he had the choice to leave her and marry someone else. Kai continuously kept repeating Faye how much he loves her. Kai then asked â€Å"why should I be disappointed, Faye? Why?†(Van Der Zee 33). She felt like her heart thundering in her ears, she seemed like she was going to drown like if she could not breathe. Then she said â€Å"Because†¦ because I can’t give you children! Because I can’t get pregnant! I can’t have babies! That’s why!†(Van Der Zee 33). Kai after the shocking secret that was been kept from him â€Å"He stared at her as if he had never seen her before† (Van Der Zee 33). Faye with her legs shaking, shortness of breathing and all these things on her head just ran away. Faye seems to struggle with some type of insecurity issues with her husband. After she ran away, Kai calls her house extremely worried about where she was just to make sure she got there safe. Chuck, someone who lived at home answers the phone and said that she was home fine. No matter how upset he was about what he just found out, he called to make sure she was safe. A few minutes after she got home, Kai showed up to her  room quietly, without knocking the door, and sat next to her. â€Å"He put his arms around her and drew her against him† and in a quietly voice said â€Å"Faye, please marry me† (Van Der Zee 34). Kai was obviously surprised for what Faye had told him, but he seemed to still care more about her than the fact that she cannot have children. However, Faye said â€Å"No† she stands up from the bed and got away from him. Faye felt like she was not enough for him because of the fact that she could not get pregnant. After moments of discussions Kai made her understand that it was not just her problem, that it was their problem as a couple. Faye still doubtfully said â€Å"how†¦ can I ever believe it?† and Kai replay â€Å"Look at me, Faye. No other woman can give me what you can- yourself, your love, your warmth, your sense of humor†¦.† (36). After Faye explained him word for word what the doctor said to her she said â€Å"So you see†¦ we don’t have to hope for any miracles† Kai smiled and said â€Å"we’ll make our own miracles (36).† He then grabs her and kissed her. All of a sudden Kai went to her closet, opened the suitcases and began to pile all her clothes, he also opened the drawers, and took out all her things. Faye confused asks â€Å"What are you doing?† Kai ignore her for a min and then said â€Å"get dressed. We’re going home† Faye â€Å"Home†¦?† â€Å"Yes home- where you belong. With me in my house, in my bed in my arms (37)†. Kai had enough frustration with everything that had happened that he does not want to risk having any more problems. â€Å"You’re coming with me now. And I’m not letting you out my sight until we’re safely married (37).† Kai prose that if they can’t have children, there are a bunch of orphanages all over the world with children in need of a family. â€Å"Faye† he said â€Å"Your my first and only choice (38).† Kai and Faye adopted 3 children, a boy a two girls. I seems like they were from Vietnam because she say they had small faces and large dark eyes full of fear. It was noticeable the tragedies of war, death and poverty in their eyes. Time passed and everything seem to be working out, the kid’s faces are full of joy as well as Kai’s eyes. Faye deeply inside knew that she was everything to Kai, â€Å"To hi, she was the only woman, beautiful, complete, whole (38).† The story â€Å"A Sorrowful Women† by Gail Godwin describes a woman that seems to be exhausted of her family and life. Unlike the first story, this is about a married couple who already have a child. The narrator does not give names to the characters and he/she engages on a third person role to tell the story. This story carries a depressing, sad and dark mood. The  wife, one night tells her husband if he could â€Å"put the boy to bed and read him the story about the monkey who ate too many banan as(39)† since she was already tired of doing all the work at home. The husband thought she just needed a break, and he assume that there’s nothing wrong with the idea of taking care of the child, therefore he happily agreed to take care of the kid. Since that evening the husband noticed that his wife was being very distant from him his child. He notices that the reason of why she was so depressed was probably because of the child. The child was the one who brought her to this stage of sadness, to the point where she began to show aggressiveness in her and the people around her. The sight of her husband made her sad. One night as she looked at the child, she began â€Å"†¦yelping without tears, retching in between† (Godwin 41). Her husband takes her into his arms and he shows he had complete control over the situation. Her husband wants to find out what is wrong with her, and what he could do to make her feel better. In this story the husband portrays a diffe rent type of control that was showed in the first story â€Å"From a Secret Sorrow†. In a sorrowful woman the husband showed an understanding control, while Kai’s control is that he solves the problems. As the story goes on the Husband tries to assure his wife that he understand what she’s going through. While in the other story Kai tells Faye that his that he would never know how she really feels but he could try and help her. In A Sorrow Woman the man behaves as if he is the protector of the woman, as if she is his queen I and he did anything that he could to keep her happy. The husband takes over her roles of the wife in the house, but he man soon got tired of all the thing he was doing at home and he decided to hired a girl to help out. The wife after seeing how the maid was doing everything for them and giving her child the love and attention he deserved she decided to fire her because she felt jealous. She did not want anyone to be affectionate with the child; it seems as if she even wanted the kid to suffer for something unexplained. She wanted the baby to feel alone, to not have anyone care for him or to show love towards him. Firing the maid is so selfish on the wife’s part because according to the book â€Å"the girls upsets me† (41), but really what made her upset was the love and care the girl was providing to her child and husband. Something she originally said she could not handl e anymore. The wife was tired of seeing someone else do what she could not do herself. The girl who  cried and said â€Å"I loved the little boy, what will become of him now?† (41). in this quote one could suggest that the boy was left alone, without love and attention. As if the girl knew the baby was going to suffer. The maid knew the mother did not want him or cared for him anymore, therefore she wanted her to think it over, to make sure if she really wanted the maid to leave. After the maid left the husband was the one to replace her, to go grocery shopping, to clean the house, to take care of his son and overall to do the things the maid was in charge of. The woman depression kept on getting bigger and bigger as time pass. She decided to move to the white room downstairs where the girl used to stay. She pretty much isolated herself from her family and everyone. The white room symbolizes emptiness, been unloved and voided by others. The woman as time passed did not even went out of the room anymore and everything had to be brought to her. Few weeks after been in the room, she woke up and decided to go and check her kitchen and realized that everything look different â€Å"New dish towels. The canisters seemed closer to the sink, a new brand of butter (Godwin, 43).† The woman cooked, clean the house and did the laundry all in that same day, two weeks’ worth of work in just a couple of hours. After all the work the woman did she felt how her â€Å"veins pumped and her forehead sparkled.† Then she opens the cupboard and â€Å"took what was hers† (Godwin, 43). When the man and the boy came home and found cooked food, the house clean and all the laundry washed they were extremely surprise. The husband excited ran to the little white room and found her, the little boy said â€Å"Look, Mommy is sleeping†, the father right away notice that was not really sleeping. The father lay down on the bed and â€Å"his face into her fresh-washed hair† (Godwin, 43) In this story the mother was obviously tired of the role of a housewife. She became so distant with her family up to the point that she isolated herself in a little room downstairs. She blame the children for feeling the way she feels. She did not wanted anyone to give the child love because for her he basically ruined her life. She loved her husband but at time she felt like she was not part of the family. At the end she decided to cook and clean the house for the last time and then took her own life. In Both stories â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† and â€Å"A Secret Sorrow† the narrator talks about a woman who struggle to fit in their family environment. They portray unhappiness in their lives and how this is affecting them. The tittle of the  two stories fix perfectly since the theme of both deals around sorrowful emotions. Even both narrators have the same idea of sorrow they express it in different ways. For example in A Sorrowful Woman the woman The stories have the titles that deals with sorrow to show the main theme of the stories that revolve around sorrowful feelings (Godwin). In â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman,† the woman appears not to be identified. She experiences sorrowful emotions in her family, whereby she does not even s peak with the family members. Contrary to the first story, in â€Å"A Secret Sorrow†, Faye, the main character of the story, appears to be unhappy because of the fact that she could not conceive any children. Thus, the main difference in the both stories is the fact that Faye dreams about a family, which the unidentified woman in the Gail’s story already has. They both experience sorrow for various reasons in the family set up (Zee). It is very important to clearly see the differences between these two stories. One might judge the stories by the title, by the fact that they both have to do with sorrow. That cannot be done because these two stories acquaint us with totally different types of sorrowful situations. The women from the two stories have very different reason for their fear and sorrow. Faye, from the first story mourns over the fact that she will not be able to have her own kids and if she marries Kai then she will be a disappointment to him for her inability. In the second story the woman fears of her role as a wife, she decides that she has had enough of raising a child. She wants to abandon her duties as a wife and become carefree person as she once was. She wants to s tart loving herself over anyone else, to live a self-centered life doing things that she wants to do. The reason she killed herself was because of the lonesomeness and worthlessness she felt living her life for herself. The men supported their women in very different ways. Had the man from the second story supported his wife same as Kai supported Faye, his wife might have gotten better and returned to her family. Kai supported Faye in two very important ways, physically, and emotionally. Physically, Kai supported her with his strong bronze hands that represent strength and endurance. Kai supported her emotionally by repetition of the fact that he loves her and that no matter what they will go through this together. In the second story, the man supports his wife only physically as he carries her, undresses her, brings her drought. If only the man in the second story tried to connect with her  emotionally, try to talk with her about how she feels, and try to find ways how to solve t his problem without going public, he might have made her feel needed.

Arikara Tribe

Arikara one of the more quiet tribes was the arikara(uh-RIH-kuh-rah) tribe. the arikara trie used to hold around 30,000 arikara and than was left with 2,000 after smallpox. they lived in relatively simple homes and their lives were also relatively simple. ttheir dress, what anyone could expect. although simple the arikara were very complex in some sort. the fashion of the arikara was mostly dependant on the season. usually the women wore deer skin dresses that were white. the men usually wore breech cloths, leggings, and a buckskin shirt. uring the winter the men wore bearskin robes and moccasins. the women in the winter would switch from deerskin to antelope skin and mocassins. aside from their clothes, both the men and woman had roles. for instance, the men did the hunting and the occasional fight to protect their family. the women farmed, cleaned, did the child care, and gathered food like berries. the arikara were a well structured tribe when it came to duties. most arikara peopl e originated in north and south dakota. ow most of them, the ones that are alive, stayed and still live in north dakota. in the beginning every tribe lived off on their own. soonafter, smallpox came and wiped out many of the arikara, they then became kno as the three affiliated tribes. the three affiliated tribes were the arikara, the mandan, and the hidatsa. shortly after they became the three affiliated tribes lewis and clark discovered the tribe. in october of 04 as in 1804 lewis and clark moved westward on their voyage and came to find dakota. at the time there was very little arikara to meet. ost of the tribe had been wiped out from the smallpox and most who survived were just getting over smallpox. lewis and clark found three arikara villages scattered alond a three mile distance. the first of them were pretty much abandoned, the explorers came to find wooden frames with paked earth walls and a dome celing. patrick gass was a former carpenter on the expidetion and noted the do me shape in his journal. the relation between the arikara and lewis and clark was very friendly as was their native greeting nawah. although simple the arikara were very complex in some sort. nly few were left when they were discovered, the arikara tribe was slowly shrinking until lewis and clark came in. the tribe originated in dakota and later spread out to other places. the arikara were a well structured tribe when it came to duties. the relation between the arikara and lewis and clark became very friendly. friendly to a point where they agreed to send a representative east to meet with the president. all in all the arikara tribe was trusting and generous with most others. vanessa leal september 6, 2012 expository essay